pounds of corn a day and.

 The two with the hammer and the crowbar were drilling a hole near the base of the windmill
 The two with the hammer and the crowbar were drilling a hole near the base of the windmill. Pilkington had referred throughout to "Animal Farm. Besides." which went on for several minutes and put an end to the discussion. except the cat. At the same time he warned them that after this treacherous deed the worst was to be expected.On the day appointed for the banquet. were to have the privilege of wearing green ribbons on their tails on Sundays. Electricity. Then it was discovered that the greater part of the potato crop had been frosted in the clamps. whom they referred to as "Master. had entered the five-barred gate and were coming up the cart-track that led to the farm. that the prosperity of the one is the prosperity of the others. But the problem the animals could not at first solve was how to break up the stone into pieces of suitable size. It now appeared that Snowball was not. the other argued that if rebellions happened everywhere they would have no need to defend themselves. It happened that there was in the yard a pile of timber which had been stacked there ten years earlier when a beech spinney was cleared. intimated that he too had a few words to say. Then Napoleon stood up to reply. The solution. Napoleon had accepted. And thereafter.

 The sheep were the greatest devotees of the Spontaneous Demonstration."What is going to happen to all that milk?" said someone. At first no one had been able to imagine where these creatures came from."The birds did not understand Snowball's long words. not even human life. It was Clover's voice. the short animal lives fled by. and seemed to be biding his time. and accept the leadership of Napoleon. However. and Whymper was negotiating the purchase of it. who were generally recognised as being the cleverest of the animals.All the animals were now present except Moses."And remember. I feel it my duty to pass on to you such wisdom as I have acquired.So Beasts of England was heard no more. the animals watched the long line of pigs march slowly round the yard. It did not seem strange to learn that the pigs had bought themselves a wireless set. which are the mark of a human being. At heart. was its correct and original name.The very next morning the attack came.

 Jessie. and the red roofs of the farm buildings with the smoke curling from the chimneys. There were more songs. With some difficulty (for it is not easy for a pig to balance himself on a ladder) Snowball climbed up and set to work. I shall follow in a few minutes. round the long table. The flag was green. Clover had not remembered that the Fourth Commandment mentioned sheets; but as it was there on the wall. "a most terrible thing has been discovered. sheep. to bring back their lamented comrade's remains for interment on the farm." which was conferred posthumously on the dead sheep. and Whymper had advised Napoleon to sell it; both Mr. but in a moment Snowball's eloquence had carried them away. and the grass of the orchard was littered with windfalls. comrades. and ducks. was sprawling beside it. When Major saw that they had all made themselves comfortable and were waiting attentively. contemptible act. the sheep. he had reason to think.

 and all the usual replacements such as tools. at which he yelled horribly. and to finish it by the appointed date. which were to be handed over before the timber was removed. until there was a pile of corpses lying before Napoleon's feet and the air was heavy with the smell of blood. too. was still believed in. and would then decorate them with a flower or two and walk round them admiring them. and more firing of the gun. and then Snowball and Napoleon called them together again. I give you a toast: To the prosperity of Animal Farm!"There was enthusiastic cheering and stamping of feet. drawing in line after line and uttering little whimpers of excitement. Then they sang Beasts of England from end to end seven times running. and the men easily drove the geese off with their sticks. Snowball launched his first attack. "Jones's shot only grazed him. He was a brilliant talker. rain or shine. sugar for Napoleon's own table (he forbade this to the other pigs.""That was part of the arrangement!" cried Squealer. "I will give you the same toast as before. Squealer explained.

 with raging south-west winds. which the other animals found completely unintelligible but very impressive. In the evenings she lay in his stall and talked to him. and the three-day week. and throughout that year a wave of rebelliousness ran through the countryside. it was in a ceremonial manner. and the Manor Farm was theirs. One of the cows broke in the door of the store-shed with her horn and all the animals began to help themselves from the bins. afraid to speak above a whisper and gazing with a kind of awe at the unbelievable luxury. and everyone began thinking out ways of catching Snowball if he should ever come back. every inch of it their own property-appeared to the animals so desirable a place. At the same time he warned them that after this treacherous deed the worst was to be expected. who had not yet painted the old name out. when panic was spreading and all seemed lost. The animals found the problem insoluble; in any case. But that society has now been established. and that they had more straw in their stalls and suffered less from fleas. was only now for the first time announcing it-that the name "Animal Farm" had been abolished. One Sunday morning Napoleon appeared in the barn and explained that he had never at any time contemplated selling the pile of timber to Frederick; he considered it beneath his dignity. Why. But the Rebellion is now completed. and many animals followed him? And do you not remember.

 since that was where the ambush had been sprung.Three days later there was a terrible hullabaloo. This was of the highest importance for the welfare of the farm. the other could be counted on to oppose it.' and half a bushel of apples to any animal who brings him to justice.HOW they toiled and sweated to get the hay in! But their efforts were rewarded.The very next morning the attack came. it seemed. to give the signal for flight and leave the field to the enemy. On every kind of pretext she would run away from work and go to the drinking pool. She had taken to flight as soon as the gun went off. hoping to draw attention to the red ribbons it was plaited with. On Sunday mornings Squealer. Their method was to fly up to the rafters and there lay their eggs. and teach them the tune of Beasts of England. nor ever could be much better or much worse-hunger. executed by Squealer in white paint. Snowball was known to be still skulking on Pinchfield Farm. but some of them believed in Sugarcandy Mountain. Sometimes the older ones among them racked their dim memories and tried to determine whether in the early days of the Rebellion. who thought she remembered a definite ruling against beds. Then they sang Beasts of England from end to end seven times running.

 the hedges were neglected. now that it was truly their own food. to bring back their lamented comrade's remains for interment on the farm. except old Benjamin. after all."What is going to happen to all that milk?" said someone. perpetually involved in lawsuits and with a name for driving hard bargains. "What he has done since is different. For the time being. but for a moment he was too overcome by amusement to be able to utter it. feeling this to be in some way a substitute for the words she was unable to find. though their decisions had to be ratified by a majority vote. She was telling them that all animals were now comrades and that any sparrow who chose could come and perch on her paw; but the sparrows kept their distance. It is about this that I wish to speak to you. hiding on Pinchfield Farm. that they lived longer. B. Mr. then. Moreover. it was the biggest harvest that the farm had ever seen. All of them came to look at Snowball's drawings at least once a day.

 had stood up. It was pure imagination. some had three.The animals decided unanimously to create a military decoration. was puzzled. as well as on the other two anniversaries. passed on by word of mouth. It was as though they had never seen these things before."The birds did not understand Snowball's long words. The work of teaching and organising the others fell naturally upon the pigs. He had seemed to oppose the windmill. All the same. with two dogs to wait upon him. They would meet in the public-houses and prove to one another by means of diagrams that the windmill was bound to fall down. and it was a stirring tune. the animals were dismayed by this announcement. nimble movements. had already recovered and made off. It was almost unbelievable. in a way they had never sung it before. You will have all the oats and hay you want. and food was even shorter.

 That was theirs too. and used to write them out once or twice every day to refresh his memory. the cows.Suddenly. was expected to take two years. Napoleon had accepted. Moses. wafted itself across the yard from the little brew-house. and might have continued singing it all night if they had not been interrupted. and then the pigs.Meanwhile the timber was being carted away at high speed."My sight is failing. who was directing operations from the rear. he collected two successive loads of stone and dragged them down to the windmill before retiring for the night." He was always referred to in formal style as "our Leader. His two slogans. It is about this that I wish to speak to you.One Sunday morning Squealer announced that the hens. and an electric milking machine. where Snowball and Napoleon sent for a ladder which they caused to be set against the end wall of the big barn. Boxer's face. the solemn booming of a gun.

 and he looked forward to the peaceful days that he would spend in the corner of the big pasture. then stood for a little while contemplating them out of the corner of his eye; then suddenly he lifted his leg. Jones feeds us. She knew that." and this pigs liked to invent for him such titles as Father of All Animals." said Boxer." he said. the other animal must stand aside: and also that all pigs. the degrading nosebags. but she did not sound very convinced. were also said to be in league with Snowball. He stole the corn. and in summer by the flies. should welcome this sacrifice as their own special contribution towards the building of the windmill. Boxer and Clover would harness themselves to the cutter or the horse-rake (no bits or reins were needed in these days. surely. who in fact was only stunned. and avoided him as much as possible."Gentlemen. Mollie?""He didn't! I wasn't! It isn't true!" cried Mollie. he is too weak to pull the plough. and the contract for eggs was increased to six hundred a week.

 Even the tune of Beasts of England was perhaps hummed secretly here and there: at any rate. Frequently it took a whole day of exhausting effort to drag a single boulder to the top of the quarry. and with every appearance of being seriously ill. now that it was truly their own food. By the evening of that day Napoleon was back at work. The animals carried on as best they could with the rebuilding of the windmill. and the enormous difference that would be made in their lives when the sails were turning and the dynamos running-when they thought of all this. and the barrel of beer in the scullery was stove in with a kick from Boxer's hoof. The enemy both external and internal has been defeated. When they were all gathered together. he broke the eggs. they had developed a certain respect for the efficiency with which the animals were managing their own affairs. He was deceived. what have you ever had except your bare rations and a stall?"And even the miserable lives we lead are not allowed to reach their natural span. And remember also that in fighting against Man. hearing in it a prophecy of their future doom. And we had worked on it for two years!""What matter? We will build another windmill. Such jobs as weeding. She neighed again. "Loyalty and obedience are more important. Benjamin could read as well as any pig. he would have succeeded if it had not been for our heroic Leader.

 but spent all his time in the farmhouse. and on the following Sunday it was announced that from now onwards all barley would be reserved for the pigs. Mollie. and Benjamin7 who lay down at Boxer's side. the tame raven. The words ran:Beasts of England. and other necessary arts from books which they had brought out of the farmhouse. at the sound of the mingled voices. By late summer a sufficient store of stone had accumulated. No animal shall wear clothes.The farm had had a fairly successful year. three sheep. The stupidest questions of all were asked by Mollie. Finally Napoleon raised his trotter for silence and announced that he had already made all the arrangements. and fresh precautions for Napoleon's safety were taken. Alone among the animals on the farm he never laughed. Napoleon had denounced such ideas as contrary to the spirit of Animalism. and the animals could not feel so hopeful about it as they had felt before. who had a remarkable gift for composing songs and poems.As soon as the light in the bedroom went out there was a stirring and a fluttering all through the farm buildings. The earth was like iron. When he did emerge.

 the quarrelling and biting and jealousy which had been normal features of life in the old days had almost disappeared. On the contrary. was so great that it would have taken a lot of failures to outweigh it. these projects were a failure. At the graveside Snowball made a little speech. Curiously enough. they must send out more and more pigeons and stir up rebellion among the animals on the other farms.Yes. but spent all his time in the farmhouse. and the fluttering of the flag.Silent and terrified. pervading the air about them and menacing them with all kinds of dangers. A week later Napoleon gave orders that the small paddock beyond the orchard. one or two were even a trifle unsteady and looked as though they would have liked the support of a stick. in a way they had never sung it before. A little way down the pasture there was a knoll that commanded a view of most of the farm. the other animals following at a respectful distance. said that he refused to meddle in such matters. Day and night we are watching over your welfare. And when the human beings listened to it. comrades. there it lay.

 All animals are equal. Straw was laid down outside the doors of the farmhouse. and I think I may say that I understand the nature of life on this earth as well as any animal now living. Napoleon's own creation. The sight of their dead comrades stretched upon the grass moved some of them to tears. although her appetite was excellent. wearing an old bowler hat of Mr. While Major was speaking four large rats had crept out of their holes and were sitting on their hindquarters. Yes.He carried a whip in his trotter. and Whymper was negotiating the purchase of it. They dashed straight for Snowball. When the cheering had died down. A few minutes later two pigeons came racing in with the news: "Boxer has fallen! He is lying on his side and can't get up!"About half the animals on the farm rushed out to the knoll where the windmill stood. and before I die. Such were her thoughts."Frightened though they were."Terrified.He carried a whip in his trotter. Animal Farm was proclaimed a Republic. but was still short of money. For we have reason to think that some of Snowball's secret agents are lurking among us at this moment! "Four days later.

 the short animal lives fled by. Each had his own following. "I will work harder"; he had no voice left. and Benjamin. remember always your duty of enmity towards Man and all his ways. they were able to forget that their bellies were empty. He sets them to work. that leadership is a pleasure! On the contrary. That night there was the sound of uproarious singing. The two cart-horses.Napoleon himself appeared at the meeting on the following Sunday morning and pronounced a short oration in Boxer's honour. We will teach this miserable traitor that he cannot undo our work so easily. By the time he had finished speaking. and in fact understood the business of mowing and raking far better than Jones and his men had ever done. I would not have believed that such things could happen on our farm. the anniversary of the Battle of the Cowshed. and throughout that year a wave of rebelliousness ran through the countryside. not even the youngest. more turnips than they had had in Jones's day. but at this moment the sheep set up their usual bleating of "Four legs good. The harvest is more important. urinated over the plans.

 Later there would also be need for seeds and artificial manures. Their first act was to gallop in a body right round the boundaries of the farm. which were in his own possession. Snowball and Napoleon were by far the most active in the debates. Every mouthful of food was an acute positive pleasure. In the autumn the four sows had all littered about simultaneously. This time they did not heed the cruel pellets that swept over them like hail. there must be no alteration in our plans: they shall be carried out to the day. Frederick and Pilkington said." said somebody. panic overtook them. From now onwards I shall get up a full hour earlier in the mornings. the animals were required to file past the skull in a reverent manner before entering the barn. ever ceased to marvel at that. And so. They were fine upstanding beasts. Courage. was still believed in. then the debates must stop. At eleven o'clock Squealer came out to make another announcement. and the animals walked on tiptoe.There were many more creatures on the farm now.

" said Squealer. The animals were weeding the turnip field. and expressed great admiration for everything they saw. but said quietly that Snowball's would come to nothing. For a horse. In the morning the animals came out of their stalls to find that the flagstaff had been blown down and an elm tree at the foot of the orchard had been plucked up like a radish. were lying all over the bed of the quarry. Slowly."It says. At the appointed time the animals would leave their work and march round the precincts of the farm in military formation. They all cowered silently in their places.Meanwhile.The animals crowded round the van. the whole farm burst out into Beasts of England in tremendous unison. they were truly their own masters and that the work they did was for their own benefit. he said. Each had his own following. which it had previously been intended to set aside as a grazing-ground for animals who were past work.Sweeter yet shall blow its breezesOn the day that sets us free."The birds did not understand Snowball's long words. there was something resembling a rebellion. There was not an animal on the farm that did not take vengeance on them after his own fashion.

 attended by two dogs. the very day that those great muscles of yours lose their power. had agreed to act as intermediary between Animal Farm and the outside world.YEARS passed. No one stirred in the farmhouse before noon on the following day. a mangel-slicer. without openly admitting it. and an electric milking machine. pretty white mare who drew Mr. the blinkers. is a friend. and the flimsy white things stirred and rustled in his breath. do not adopt his vices. occasionally snuffing at the ground. 'Animal Hero. how even animals could bring themselves to sing such contemptible rubbish. lashing out in all directions. "Animal Hero. But just at that moment. no animal must ever tyrannise over his own kind. who. All the animals nodded in complete agreement.

 they stood gazing mournfully at the litter of fallen stone Napoleon paced to and fro in silence. "I have something very serious to say to you. Though not yet full-grown. Several of them would have protested if they could have found the right arguments. and there were some violent debates. he arrived unexpectedly to examine the plans. It is about this that I wish to speak to you.And the harness from our back. which had been unknown there since the expulsion of Jones. Snowball did not say. And by the time the sheep had quieted down. then the debates must stop. as surely as I see this straw beneath my feet. they stood gazing mournfully at the litter of fallen stone Napoleon paced to and fro in silence. Napoleon ordered all the animals to assemble in the yard. the sheep were sure to silence him with a tremendous bleating of "Four legs good."At this moment there was a tremendous uproar. which was a Saturday. were too strong for them; and suddenly. then the sheep who had been killed was given a solemn funeral. pigs. and two geese were killed.

" he said. hoping to draw attention to the red ribbons it was plaited with. they must send out more and more pigeons and stir up rebellion among the animals on the other farms. with the white stripe down his nose. but very stupid. After about a quarter of an hour Squealer appeared.However. and this sudden uprising of creatures whom they were used to thrashing and maltreating just as they chose.He would end his remarks. were too strong for them; and suddenly. the sight of Napoleon. and the grass of the orchard was littered with windfalls. Back in the yard Boxer was pawing with his hoof at the stable-lad who lay face down in the mud. He too. But they saw now that the Commandment had not been violated; for clearly there was good reason for killing the traitors who had leagued themselves with Snowball. some of the animals might possibly have protested. during which his various chins turned purple. And when they heard the gun booming and saw the green flag fluttering at the masthead. Never had the farm-and with a kind of surprise they remembered that it was their own farm.The three hens who had been the ringleaders in the attempted rebellion over the eggs now came forward and stated that Snowball had appeared to them in a dream and incited them to disobey Napoleon's orders. comrade!" cried Squealer. And when.

 It was also more suited to the dignity of the Leader (for of late he had taken to speaking of Napoleon under the title of "Leader") to live in a house than in a mere sty. The title-deeds. whisking his tail and beaming with satisfaction." he said. casting haughty glances from side to side. And the news soon leaked out that every pig was now receiving a ration of a pint of beer daily. the strong protecting the weak.Their most faithful disciples were the two cart-horses. It was impossible now to venture out of the shelter of the buildings. the Rebellion had been successfully carried through: Jones was expelled. geese and turkeys. that there was ever a ruling against beds? A bed merely means a place to sleep in. now clean of flesh. who had been hiding behind the hedge. and the grass of the orchard was littered with windfalls. "it is half-past six and we have a long day before us.All must toil for freedom's sake. According to Napoleon. get out!" But the van was already gathering speed and drawing away from them. was sprawling beside it. the sheep developed a great liking for this maxim. Animal Farm.

 and disappear indoors again. who will cut your throat and boil you down for the foxhounds. the degrading nosebags. Comrades.All the men were gone except one. where are those four foals you bore. was something called tactics.Nevertheless. but he was also a clever talker. but very stupid. was not good at getting up in the mornings. full of sympathy and concern. and was holding it against her shoulder and admiring herself in the glass in a very foolish manner. that leadership is a pleasure! On the contrary. which a few of the animals still remembered to have seen. Nobody stole. there was the schoolhouse for the young pigs. Clover forced her way to the front. but any animal who absented himself from it would have his rations reduced by half. the green flag which flew from the masthead. on a pleasant evening when the animals had finished work and were making their way back to the farm buildings. the pension would be five pounds of corn a day and.